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    Renal Care Devices

    Devices for hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and continuous renal replacement therapy in ESRD and AKI patients.

    Reviewed by Christian Espinosa, Founder, Blue Goat CyberLast reviewed May 9, 2026

    Definition

    The renal-care segment includes in-center hemodialysis machines, home hemodialysis systems (NxStage), peritoneal dialysis cyclers, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for ICU AKI, dialyzers, and vascular access devices. The segment is reimbursement-dominated: ESRD care is one of the few diagnoses with universal Medicare entitlement under the End-Stage Renal Disease Program (1972 Social Security Amendments).
    What the regulation says
    Hemodialysis machines are Class II under 21 CFR 876.5820. CMS regulates the dialysis facility itself under 42 CFR 494 (ESRD Conditions for Coverage). The ESRD Prospective Payment System (ESRD PPS) bundles dialysis services under a single per-treatment payment.

    What this means in practice

    The 2019 'Advancing American Kidney Health' executive order pushed home dialysis adoption and the development of wearable/implantable kidney devices via the KidneyX innovation prize.
    Common pitfalls
    • Designing without regard to the bundled ESRD PPS payment structure.
    • Underestimating dialysis-water purity requirements (AAMI/ANSI/ISO 13959).

    Primary references

    3 sources
    Link health: 3 verified· last checked 2026-05-09
    CMS·1HHS / ASN·1MedTech Europe·1
    1. 1
      CMS ESRD Conditions for Coverage
      Verified
      CMScms.gov
    2. 2
      KidneyX
      Verified
      HHS / ASNkidneyx.org
    3. 3
      MedTech Europe - Facts & Figures
      Verified
      MedTech Europemedtecheurope.org

    Inline markers like [1] jump to the matching reference above.